Rhizosphere bacteria G-H27 significantly promoted the degradation of chlorpyrifos and fosthiazate.

Microbial remediation of polluted environments is the most promising and significant research direction in the field of bioremediation. In this study, chlorpyrifos and fosthiazate were selected as representative organophosphorus pesticides, wheat was the tested plant, and fluorescently labeled degrading Bacillus cereus G-H27 were the film-forming bacteria. Exogenous strengthening technology was used to establish degrading bacterial biofilms on the root surface of wheat. The influence of root surface-degrading bacterial biofilms on the enrichment of chlorpyrifos and fosthiazate in wheat was comprehensively evaluated. First, the fluorescently-labeled degrading bacteria G-H27 was constructed, and its film-forming ability was investigated. Second, the growth- promoting characteristics and degradation ability of the bacteria G-H27 were investigated. Finally, the degradation effect of the root surface-degrading bacterial biofilm on chlorpyrifos and fosthiazate was determined. The above research provides an important material basis and method for the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soil.

Retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 knockdown induces immature properties in dendritic cells and prolongs the survival time of allograft mice.

BACKGROUND: The mature state of dendritic cells (DCs) determines their ability to regulate immune responses. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1) plays a critical role in DC activation and maturation. RIG-1 activation triggers mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of inhibiting RIG-1 expression in DCs and its potential in inducing immune tolerance. METHODS: DCs were transduced with the recombinant lentiviral vector (Lv) to inhibit RIG-1 expression. A murine islet and skin transplantation model were constructed to find out whether DC-DDX58-RNAi could prolong allograft survival. The phenotypes of DCs and T-cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Cytokines in serum were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: RIG-1-deficient DCs had low expression of costimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex and a strong phagocytic ability. DC-DDX58-RNAi induced regulatory T cell differentiation in the transplant recipient spleens. The DC-DDX58-RNAi-treated recipients showed satisfactory islet allograft function and longer survival time. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of RIG-1 with DDX58-RNAi prevented the activation and maturation of the DCs, affected T cell differentiation, protected the biological function of the allograft, and prolonged graft survival. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for new immunomodulatory regimens.

Contrasting effects of river inflow and seawater intrusion on zooplankton community structure in Jiaozhou bay, the Yellow Sea.

Environmental changes associated with river inflow and seawater intrusion are known to affect zooplankton communities in coastal systems, but how zooplankton respond to these environmental changes remains unclear at present. Here we explored the effects of river inflow and seawater intrusion on zooplankton community structure in Jiaozhou Bay. The results showed that the river inflow and seawater intrusion are key in driving zooplankton dynamics, but with contrasting effects. According to the distinct hydrographic conditions, the sampling area could be geographically divided into the river inflow area with low-salinity and high-nutrient conditions (i.e., EIZ) and the seawater intrusion zone with high-salinity and low-nutrient conditions (i.e., SIZ). There were significant differences in zooplankton communities (e.g., abundance and species composition) between the two regions with seasonal changes. For example, the zooplankton abundance was significantly higher in the SIZ than in the EIZ during spring, whereas an opposite pattern was observed for the summer season. In contrast, the species richness was higher in the EIZ than in the SIZ in spring, while an opposite variation trend was observed during summer. These results together suggested that the river inflow and seawater intrusion had contrasting effects on zooplankton community structure in different seasons. According to the canonical correspondence analysis, we observed that the zooplankton community structure was mainly driven by temperature, chlorophyll a (Chl a), and nutrients in the EIZ, but it was largely affected by salinity in the SIZ. The implication is that changes in temperature, Chl a, and nutrients as a result of river inflow and changes in salinity as a consequence of seawater intrusion are key in driving the dynamics of zooplankton communities in Jiaozhou Bay.

Automatically showing microbial growth kinetics with a high-performance microbial growth analyzer.

It is difficult to show microbial growth kinetics online when they grow in complex matrices. We presented a novel strategy to address this challenge by developing a high-performance microbial growth analyzer (HPMGA), which employed a unique 32-channel capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector as a sensing element and fixed with a CellStatz software. It was capable of online showing accurate and repeatable growth curves of well-dispersed and bad-dispersed microbes, whether they grew in homogeneous simple culture broth or heterogeneous complex matrices. Moreover, it could automatically report key growth kinetics parameters. In comparison to optical density (OD), plate counting and broth microdilution (BMD) methods, we demonstrated its practicability in five scenarios: 1) the illustration of the growth, growth rate, and acceleration curves of Escherichia coli (E. coli); 2) the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Oxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); 3) the determination of Ag nanoparticle toxicity on Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri); 4) the characterization of milk fermentation; and 5) the enumeration of viable pathogenic Vibrio in shrimp body. Results highlighted that the HPMGA method had the advantages of universality and effectivity. This technology would significantly facilitate the routine analysis of microbial growth in many fields (biology, medicine, clinic, life, food, environment, and ecology), paving an avenue for microbiologists to achieve research goals that have been inhibited for years due to a lack of practical analytical methods.

Heme oxygenase 1 in erythropoiesis: an important regulator beyond catalyzing heme catabolism.

Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), encoded by the HMOX-1 gene, is the main heme oxygenase that catalyzes the degradation of heme into iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin. HMOX-1 gene expression is stimulated by oxidative stress and regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. After translation, subcellular location and protein stability of HO-1 are also altered by different extracellular and intracellular stimuli. HO-1 plays a key role in regulating iron homeostasis and cell protection and has become a new target for disease treatment. Erythropoiesis is a tightly controlled, iron-dependent process that begins with hematopoietic stem cells and maturates to red blood cells. HO-1 is expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic niche cells, erythroblasts, and especially erythroblastic island and phagocytic macrophages. HO-1 functions importantly in the entire erythroid development process by influencing hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, erythroid lineage engagement, terminal erythroid differentiation, and even senescent RBC erythrophagocytosis. HO-1 is also related to stress erythropoiesis and certain red blood cell diseases. Elucidation of HO-1 regulation and function in erythropoiesis will be of great significance for the treatment of related diseases.

Analytical methods for assessing antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials in complex media: advances, challenges, and perspectives.

Assessing the antimicrobial activity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), especially in realistic scenarios, is of great significance for both basic research and applications. Multiple analytical methods are available for analysis via off-line or on-line measurements. Real-world samples are often complex with inorganic and organic components, which complicates the measurements of microbial viability and/or metabolic activity. This article highlights the recent advances achieved in analytical methods including typical applications and specifics regarding their accuracy, cost, efficiency, and user-friendliness. Methodological drawbacks, technique gaps, and future perspectives are also discussed. This review aims to help researchers select suitable methods for gaining insight into antimicrobial activities of targeted ENMs in artificial and natural complex matrices.

Dysregulation of innate cell types in the hepatic immune microenvironment of alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Introduction: The risk of alcoholic cirrhosis increases in a dose- and time-dependent manner with alcohol consumption and ethanol metabolism in the liver. Currently, no effective antifibrotic therapies are available. We aimed to obtain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing to analyze immune cells from the liver tissue and peripheral blood form patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and healthy controls to profile the transcriptomes of more than 100,000 single human cells and yield molecular definitions for non-parenchymal cell types. In addition, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to reveal the immune microenvironment related to alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Hematoxylin and eosin, Immunofluorescence staining and Flow cytometric analysis were employed to study the difference between tissues and cells with or without alcoholic cirrhosis. Results: We identified a fibrosis-associated M1 subpopulation of macrophages that expands in liver fibrosis, differentiates from circulating monocytes, and is pro-fibrogenic. We also define mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that expand in alcoholic cirrhosis and are topographically restricted to the fibrotic niche. Multilineage modeling of ligand and receptor interactions between the fibrosis-associated macrophages, MAIT, and NK cells revealed the intra-fibrotic activity of several pro-fibrogenic pathways, including responses to cytokines and antigen processing and presentation, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cell adhesion molecules, Th1/Th2/Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Discussion: Our work dissects unanticipated aspects of the cellular and molecular basis of human organ alcoholic fibrosis at the single-cell level and provides a conceptual framework for the discovery of rational therapeutic targets in liver alcoholic cirrhosis.

Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective.

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder and can be associated with many comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, and fracture. Its definitions, given by the AWGS and EWGSOP, are widely used. Sarcopenia is measured by muscle strength, muscle quantity or mass and physical performance. Currently, the importance and urgency of sarcopenia have grown. The application of blood flow restriction (BFR) training has received increased attention in managing sarcopenia. BFR is accomplished using a pneumatic cuff on the proximal aspect of the exercising limb. Two main methods of exercise, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, have been applied with BFR in treating sarcopenia. Both methods can increase muscle mass and muscle strength to a certain extent. Intricate mechanisms are involved during BFRT. Currently, the presented mechanisms mainly include responses in the blood vessels and related hormones, such as growth factors, tissue hypoxia-related factors and recruitment of muscle fiber as well as muscle satellite cells. These mechanisms contribute to the positive balance of skeletal muscle synthesis, which in turn mitigates sarcopenia. As a more suited and more effective way of treating sarcopenia and its comorbidities, BFRT can serve as an alternative to traditional exercise for people who have marked physical limitations or even show superior outcomes under low loads. However, the possibility of causing stress or muscle damage must be considered. Cuff size, pressure, training load and other variables can affect the outcome of sarcopenia, which must also be considered. Thoroughly studying these factors can help to better determine an ideal BFRT scheme and better manage sarcopenia and its associated comorbidities. As a well-tolerated and novel form of exercise, BFRT offers more potential in treating sarcopenia and involves deeper insights into the function and regulation of skeletal muscle.

Immune system and sarcopenia: Presented relationship and future perspective.

Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder, can be associated with many comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, and fracture. Currently, the importance and urgency of sarcopenia have gained more consensus. Discovering the mechanisms of sarcopenia has been more and more important. It has been previously suggested that immune system during ageing plays an important role in the progression of sarcopenia. Immune ageing, which is often highlighted in elder individuals, may be an important contributor in sarcopenia. Immune ageing can occur in different aspects. The alteration in immune organs can affect both the innate immunity and adaptive immunity, affecting the whole condition of the body through circulation. Several kinds of immune cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and other immune cells, together alters the situation of muscle fiber, causing muscle weakness, loss of muscle strength and muscle mass. Synergistic and cumulative effect of cytokines, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, interrelates with obesity and diabetes, impairing the condition of skeletal muscle tissue and leading to deterioration of sarcopenia. Studying the relationship of sarcopenia and immune system offers great potential in future studies. Thoroughly studying these mechanisms can help to better determine an ideal scheme and better management of sarcopenia and its associated comorbidities, which tends to offer deeper insight and guidance in treating sarcopenia through alterations of food intake, exercise and medical intervention.

Recent advances in the biodegradation of azo dyes.

As dye demand continues to rapidly increase in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paper, textile, and leather industries, an industrialization increase is occurring. Meanwhile, the degradation and removal of azo dyes have raised broad concern regarding the hazards posed by these dyes to the ecological environment and human health. Physicochemical treatments have been applied but are hindered by high energy and economic costs, high sludge production, and chemicals handling. Comparatively, the bioremediation technique is an eco-friendly, removal-efficient, and cost-competitive method to resolve the problem. This paper provides scientific and technical information about recent advances in the biodegradation of azo dyes. It expands the biodegradation efficiency, characteristics, and mechanisms of various microorganisms containing bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and microbial consortia, which have been reported to biodegrade azo dyes. In addition, information about physicochemical factors affecting dye biodegradation has been compiled. Furthermore, this paper also sketches the recent development and characteristics of advanced bioreactors.

Inhibition of NLRC5 regulates cytokine expression in CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and prolongs murine islet and skin allograft survival.

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of inhibiting NLRC5 expression and function on CD4 + T cells, and islet and skin transplantation in mice. A murine skin graft model and islet cell transplantation model were established, and the expression of NLRC5 was compared in rejection and immune tolerance groups. Mice spleen-derived CD4 + T cells were cultured, purified, and enriched in vitro, and transfected with the shRNA lentiviral vector NLRC5-RNAi-GFP. Changes in cytokine secretion were detected to understand changes in immunological function. Murine islet and skin transplantation models were injected with CD4 + T cells transfected with the lentivirus, and the survival time of the grafts and the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were compared between groups. The expression of NLRC5 mRNA in islet and skin grafts was significantly increased. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was up-regulated in CD4 + T cells, and T cells differentiation turned to Th2 after inhibition of NLRC5. In vivo experiments showed that inhibition of NLRC5 prolonged islet and skin graft survival. Pathological examination showed that the rejection of transplanted skin and islets in the NLRC5-RNAi group was mild, and there was a correlation between high expression of NLRC5 and rejection of mouse islet and skin grafts. In summary, inhibition of NLRC5 can prolong islet and skin graft survival induce transplant immune tolerance through induction of the secretion of Th2 cytokines by CD4 + T cells.

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Is a Prognostic Predictor in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Undergoing Liver Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: It was reported that systemic immune inflammation index (SII) was related to poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. We aimed to investigate the ability of the prognostic predictors of SII in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) undergoing liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: The 28 iCCA patients who underwent LT at our hospital between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of SII. Patients were divided into the high and low SII groups according to the cut-off value. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were significantly lower in the high SII group (85.7%, 28.6%, and 21.4%, respectively) than in the low SII group (92.9%, 71.4%, and 57.2%, respectively; P = 0.009). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates were, respectively, 57.1%, 32.7%, and 21.8% in the high SII group and 85.7%, 61.1%, and 61.1% in the low SII group (P = 0.021). SII ≥ 447.48 × 109/L (HR 0.273, 95% CI 0.082-0.908; P = 0.034) was an independent prognostic factor for OS. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that SII can be used to predict the survival of patients with iCCA who undergo LT.

A universal automated method for determining the bacteriostatic activity of nanomaterials.

The lack of analytical strategies to directly determine the bacteriostatic activity of nanomaterials in complex aqueous media (e.g., environmentally relevant scenarios) seriously hampers the harvest of reliable data for nanomaterial risk assessment. Here, we created an automated phenotypic method based on a developed multi-channel contactless conductometric sensor. Bacterial growth kinetics of E. coli and S. aureus were determined via on-line monitoring of conductivity changes in simple media (e.g., liquid LB broth) and complex media (e.g., relevant river water and seawater samples with diverse pH, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids). The high temporal resolution growth curves provide detailed information on the bacteria inhibition of the model nanomaterial - Au nanospheres, Au nanorods, Ag nanospheres and Ag nanocubes - at each growth stage, thus enabling users to directly obtain minimum inhibitory concentrations. The method highlights the advantages of universality, simplicity and affordability. It opens up possibilities for the development of a powerful analytical platform for researches in the field of nanoscience, e.g. to assess ecotoxicity of nanomaterials.

Inhibition of Dectin-1 on Dendritic Cells Prevents Maturation and Prolongs Murine Islet Allograft Survival.

INTRODUCTION: The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate an immune response or induce immune tolerance depends on their maturation status. Dendritic-cell-associated C-type lectin 1 (Dectin-1) plays a key role in the differentiation, activation, and maturation of DCs. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of Dectin-1 could prevent DC maturation and induce immune tolerance of transplanted organs. METHODS: DCs were transduced with a recombinant lentiviral vector to inhibit Dectin-1 and then were injected into a murine recipient before islet transplantation. C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) were treated with lentiviral vector-Dectin-1-RNAi-DC (DC-Dectin-1-RNAi group), lentiviral vector-GFP DCs (DC-GFP group), and PBS (control group). Pancreatic islet transplantation was performed and graft survival was recorded. The proportions of regulatory T cells, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes, and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, and interferon (INF)-γ were measured. RESULTS: The inhibition of Dectin-1 resulted in low expression of MHC-II and costimulatory molecules in DCs. Murine recipients treated with DC-Dectin-1-RNAi had longer islet allograft survival time, a reduction in the levels of Th1 and Th17 cells and secreted cytokines, and an increase of Treg cells. CONCLUSION: The inhibition of Dectin-1 by recombinant lentiviral vector Dectin-1-RNAi inhibits the maturation and activation of DCs, affects the differentiation of T cell subsets, and prolongs allograft survival.

Optimal timing of initiating CRRT in patients with acute kidney injury after liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after liver transplantation (LT), and is associated with high mortality. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important treatment for AKI, but the optimal time for initiation is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of initial CRRT treatment time. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 173 recipients undergoing LT from January 2018 to March 2019. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. All patients receiving CRRT were divided into early and late group according to urine output. Prognosis was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 48 (27.8%) patients were identified with AKI, 23 (13.3%) of whom received CRRT. According to urine output, 13 (56.5%) patients were in early group and 10 (43.5%) patients in late group. AKI was associated with longer intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, increased post-operative 90-day mortality and the incidence of early allograft dysfunction (EAD). Patients in late CRRT group had a longer ICU stay {median, IQR, 183.5 [92.25-336.75] vs. 139 [94-240] hours, P=0.043} and hospital stay {median, IQR, 38.5 [17.5-62.75] vs. 35 [17-38] days, P=0.019} than patients in early CRRT group, respectively. The rate of severe infection was significantly higher in the late CRRT group than in the early CRRT group (80.0% vs. 30.8%, P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: AKI was associated with longer length of ICU and hospital stay, poor short-term mortality and functional recovery of transplanted organ. Early initiation of CRRT could reduce the severe infection and length of ICU and hospital stay.

Affordable automated phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing method based on a contactless conductometric sensor.

User-friendly phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods are urgently needed in many fields including clinical medicine, epidemiological studies and drug research. Herein, we report a convenient and cost-effective phenotypic AST method based on online monitoring bacterial growth with a developed 8-channel contactless conductometric sensor (CCS). Using E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus as microorganism models, as well as enoxacin, florfenicol, ampicillin, kanamycin and sulfadiazine as antibiotic probes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was validated in comparison with standard broth microdilution (BMD) assay. The total essential agreements between the CCS AST assays and the reference BMD AST assays are 68.8-92.3%. The CCS has an approximate price of $9,000 (USD). Requiring neither chemical nor biotic auxiliary materials for the assay makes the cost of each sample < $1. The MICs obtained with the automated CCS AST assays are more precise than those obtained with the manual BMD. Moreover, in 72 percent of the counterpart, the MICs obtained with the CCS AST assays are higher than that obtained with the BMD AST assays. The proposed CCS AST method has advantages in affordability, accuracy, sensitivity and user-friendliness.

Rapid detection of cytochrome cd1-containing nitrite reductase encoding gene nirS of denitrifying bacteria with loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

The cytochrome cd1-containing nitrite reductase, nirS, plays an important role in biological denitrification. Consequently, investigating the presence and abundance of nirS is a commonly used approach to understand the distribution and potential activity of denitrifying bacteria, in addition to denitrifier communities. Herein, a rapid method for detecting nirS gene with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (P. aeruginosa PAO1) as model microorganism to optimize the assay. The LAMP assay relied on a set of four primers that were designed to recognize six target sequence sites, resulting in high target specificity. The limit of detection for the LAMP assay under optimized conditions was 1.87 pg/reaction of genomic DNA, which was an order of magnitude lower than that required by conventional PCR assays. Moreover, it was validated that P. aeruginosa PAO1 cells as well as genomic DNA could be directly used as template. Only 1 h was needed from the addition of bacterial cells to the reaction to the verification of amplification success. The nirS gene of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in spiked seawater samples could be detected with both DNA-template based LAMP assay and cell-template based LAMP assay, demonstrating the practicality of in-field use.

Evaluation of the Alpha-Fetoprotein Model for Predicting Recurrence and Survival in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Related Cirrhosis Who Received Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) model is superior to the Milan criteria in predicting the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation in European and Latin American populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of the AFP model in Chinese hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis HCC patients. Methods: A total of 189 patients with HBV-related cirrhotic HCC were included. The recurrence rate and survival rate were estimated, and predictability was assessed by the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) method. Results: Of the 189 patients, patients with an AFP score >2 had a higher recurrence rate at 5 years (48.94 vs. 13.53%, p < 0.05) and lower survival rate (43.96 vs. 68.97%, p < 0.05). Considering patients within the Milan criteria, a higher 5-year recurrence rate and lower survival rate were observed in patients with an AFP model score >2 points compared to patients with a score of ≤ 2 points (recurrence rate: 58.75 vs. 12.98%, p < 0.05; survival rate: 28.57 vs. 67.41%, p = 0.047). NRI analysis showed that the AFP model exhibited superior predictability as compared to the Milan criteria. Conclusions: The AFP model may be used as a selection tool for Chinese HBV patients who require liver transplantation due to HCC.

Inflammation-Based Prognostic Scores in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation-based prognostic scores including systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have prognostic value in various cancers. We investigated the prognostic value of SII, PLR and NLR in patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 189 patients who underwent LT for HBV-related HCC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal SII, PLR and NLR cut-off value. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) following LT were calculated. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SII, PLR and NLR. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were significantly lower in the high SII group (74.1%, 34.2%, and 32.3%, respectively) than in the low SII group (78.5%, 66.9%, and 59.9%, respectively; p = 0.000). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates were, respectively, 75.9%, 59.7%, and 49.4% in the high SII group and 93.3%, 80.2%, and 73.7% in the low SII group (p = 0.000). Finally, OS curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log rank test. High PLR and NLR scores were also associated with poor OS (p = 0.000 and p = 0.003) and poor RFS (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that AFP ≥400 ng/mL, high MELD score, largest tumor size ≥5cm, SII ≥449.61, NLR ≥5.29, and PLR ≥98.52 were independent prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSION: High SII, PLR and NLR are significantly poor prognostic factors for overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation.

An assay for Staphylococcus aureus based on a self-catalytic ampicillin-metal (Fe3+)-organic gels-H2O2 chemiluminescence system with near-zero background noise.

A self-catalytic ampicillin-metal (Fe3+)-organic gels (AMP-MOGs (Fe))-H2O2 CL system, which is not influenced by transition metal ions, was studied. A method for CL detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) based on the AMP-MOGs (Fe)-H2O2 CL system was achieved. A superior detection limit of 31 CFU mL-1 toward S. aureus was obtained with near-zero background noise.